Clinical Obesity in Adults and Children by unknow

Author:unknow
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated
Published: 2022-02-25T00:00:00+00:00

Dietary characteristics

Specific dietary characteristics can cause or prevent cancers. Some of these effects appear to be direct, whilst others act via intermediate risk factors, such as body fatness. This section will briefly outline dietary characteristics that affect the risk of both cancer and body fatness, focusing on wholegrains and fiber as a proof‐of‐concept example.

Dietary characteristics can be described at the level of nutrients (e.g. different fatty acids), individual foods, food groups, dietary patterns, or other characteristics (e.g. level or type of food processing or the glycemic response to consumption of the food). These characteristics have provided a useful paradigm for the study of diet and the risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs).

Energy intake presents an interesting conundrum for the study of nutrition and cancer, within the context of obesity, which is inherently a disease of energy imbalance. Most nutritional epidemiology and dietary trials for NCD prevention detail the associations or effects of dietary characteristics within an isoenergetic setting. That is, the total energy obtained from the diet remains unchanged. This requires, by definition, that any energy‐containing foods (or macronutrients) are replaced by another food with the same amount of energy. As such, much research puts the effect of a particular dietary characteristic within the context of an isocaloric reduction in another characteristic (e.g. replacing red meat with poultry).

When individual dietary characteristics are studied collectively, they nonetheless do not capture all the complexity of a person’s diet, due to the categorical mismatch of distinct dietary characteristics, in addition to characteristics that overlap and those that interact. An alternative means by which to view diet is through the prism of the overall diet or dietary pattern. The use of dietary patterns, in theory, captures interactions between foods and nutrients, and as such, may better capture the net effect of diet. However, dietary patterns can be nebulous with numerous variations, including regional differences, falling under the broad umbrella of a particular dietary pattern.

Download

Copyright Disclaimer:
This site does not store any files on its server. We only index and link to content provided by other sites. Please contact the content providers to delete copyright contents if any and email us, we'll remove relevant links or contents immediately.